hospital-based case-control study of 20,000 women to evaluate the associations between IUD use in relation to pelvic inflammatory disease and other OB/GYN conditions. The study found that IUD users were at significantly greater risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (OBGYN, 1981) and were 10 times more likely to experience a second trimester fetal loss if the IUD was not removed in the first trimester (OBGYN, 1981). NICHD Contract N01-HD-5-2852, 1975-1982.